The scientist Davros – from the BBC’s long-running science-fiction TV programme ‘Doctor Who’ – was born into the political elite of Skaro towards the end of the Thousand Year War between the Kaleds and the Thals.

During his career as chief scientist of the Kaleds his body seriously deteriorated, causing him to be confined to his control base, adapted from the base of a Mark III travel machine, and with movement in only one cybernetic arm. Despite this, he wrought havoc on the Earth and the galaxy.

As the Kaled chief scientist, Davros experimented with genetic engineering on mutants. He took living cells and treated them to create “the ultimate creature for the Kaled race”. Altering their chromosomes he created creatures without a conscience, no pity and no feelings. The mutant life-form was encased in a rigid metal dome, early models of which were equipped with a gunstick and a manipulator arm. In a course of reiterations, he programmed the early Mark III travel machines to remove all emotions, except hate, to create the Daleks.

Initially, Davros relied on simple programming to develop the Daleks’ behaviours. He continually updated their memory banks to add to data. When he captured the Doctor in the research bunker, he interrogated him using computer analysis and a lie detector. The Doctor warned of the Movellan virus that would attack the Daleks’ electric circuitry, but the interrogation recording was destroyed by the Doctor before he escaped using the Time Ring, a form of teleporter.

Later versions of the Daleks used machine learning to recognise the strength that can be drawn from emotion, like compassion, to make them more efficient killers.

The hybrid make-up of the Daleks proved to be a weakness when a strong emotion could not be eradicated by programming. The Doctor saved a young Davros trapped in a field of hand mines and led him to safety. It was this act which caused Davros to inadvertently programme the concept of mercy into the Daleks.

During the Dalek Civil War, Davros was rescued from prison by the Supreme Dalek to develop an anti-virus but, instead, he released the Movellan virus to attack the Supreme Dalek and its followers. Davros’ Kaled body tissue, however, also proved susceptible to the virus and he suffered the same symptoms.

Throughout his career, Davros blended genius with duplicity. Chemical engineering skills were used again when he applied a coating to the Kaled dome to make it brittle so that a Thal rocket would easily destroy it. Davros hoped to build on the propaganda value of such an attack to mobilise the Kaleds to join the war effort.

He also perfected a substance which protected the research bunker, making it as strong as 30ft (approximately 9m) of reinforced concrete to deflect the Thals’ artillery attacks.

In 2004, scientist discovered graphene, a multi-purpose material. It has been added to concrete used for buildings in earthquake zones. Its elasticity and tensile strength reduce damage from earth tremors and movement.

He used cunning again to trick the Doctor into entering the Hyperspace Relay to transfer his re-generation energy to Davros to extend his life by one day, so he could see a final sunset. The Doctor did not know that the Relay connected Davros to the life force of every Dalek on Skaros, and the energy was used to re-energise them. The Doctor – who never uses weapons – was helpless but Time Lady, Missy, was able to destroy the hyperspace relay with a Dalek gunstick.

The same re-generation technology was used by Donna Noble. Davros planned to deploy the Reality Bomb, which would obliterate every form of matter and turn every atom into dust, leaving the Daleks as the only lifeform and, therefore, masters of the universe.

In response, the Doctor created the Z-Neutrino Biological Inversion Catalyser, which would lock the signal transmission onto Davros instead.

Donna Noble attempted to activate the Catalyser when she was trapped in the Tardis while the Doctor, Rose Tyler, Sarah-Jane Smith and other companions were surrounded by Daleks. Just before Donna became trapped, the Doctor had been shot by a Dalek and began re-generating to heal himself and diverted the remaining energy into a matching bio-receptacle (the Doctor’s ‘spare hand’, stored in the Tardis). When Donna reached out and touched this hand, she drew on the re-generation energy and became “half-Doctor, half-Donna”.

Using her typing skills (“the best temp in Chiswick – 100 words per minute”) she operated the Magnetron to activate the internalised synchronous back feeder loop to close all Z-Neutrino loops, blocked the Dalek’s weaponry using the Sub-Wave Network, and deactivated the circuitry of the Daleks’ controls.

The Sub-Wave Network is a communications system developed by the Prime Minister, Harriet Jones, to contact the Doctor wherever he is.

The Sub-Wave Network is secure and it transmits at a lower frequency, so it cannot be detected. Its connectivity and operating speed put the advent of 5G communications in the shade, despite the progress made compared with 3G and 4G in terms of increased speed, capacity and lower response times.

The Doctor has used a Time Ring and a Teleporter to escape Davros and return to the Tardis. There is a basic protection around the Tardis in the form of the Extra Polarity Shielding, which is able to deflect Dalek attacks.

The Tardis is equipped with a Hostile Action Displacement System, which dematerialises the Tardis and rematerialises it in a safe location. Rescuing Clara Oswald from the Daleks and Davros, the Doctor activated another system, the Hostile Action Dispersal System, donning sonic sunglasses to reassemble the dematerialised Tardis pieces.

Further investment is needed in the field of teleportation, displacement and reassembling of dispersed matter.

This evil scientist’s genius and his mendacious cunning served to escalate conflicts. His ultimate weapon, the Reality Bomb, was designed to obliterate all matter, leaving the Daleks to rule the universe.

Doctor Who, a Time Lord, who never uses weapons himself, appears to be facing an unbeatable foe, but time-travelling companions and some lucky breaks put an end to Davros’ masterplan – for now.

The scientist Davros – from the BBC’s long-running science-fiction TV programme ‘Doctor Who’ – was born into the political elite of Skaro towards the end of the Thousand Year War between the Kaleds and the Thals.

During his career as chief scientist of the Kaleds his body seriously deteriorated, causing him to be confined to his control base, adapted from the base of a Mark III travel machine, and with movement in only one cybernetic arm. Despite this, he wrought havoc on the Earth and the galaxy.

As the Kaled chief scientist, Davros experimented with genetic engineering on mutants. He took living cells and treated them to create “the ultimate creature for the Kaled race”. Altering their chromosomes he created creatures without a conscience, no pity and no feelings. The mutant life-form was encased in a rigid metal dome, early models of which were equipped with a gunstick and a manipulator arm. In a course of reiterations, he programmed the early Mark III travel machines to remove all emotions, except hate, to create the Daleks.

Initially, Davros relied on simple programming to develop the Daleks’ behaviours. He continually updated their memory banks to add to data. When he captured the Doctor in the research bunker, he interrogated him using computer analysis and a lie detector. The Doctor warned of the Movellan virus that would attack the Daleks’ electric circuitry, but the interrogation recording was destroyed by the Doctor before he escaped using the Time Ring, a form of teleporter.

Later versions of the Daleks used machine learning to recognise the strength that can be drawn from emotion, like compassion, to make them more efficient killers.

The hybrid make-up of the Daleks proved to be a weakness when a strong emotion could not be eradicated by programming. The Doctor saved a young Davros trapped in a field of hand mines and led him to safety. It was this act which caused Davros to inadvertently programme the concept of mercy into the Daleks.

During the Dalek Civil War, Davros was rescued from prison by the Supreme Dalek to develop an anti-virus but, instead, he released the Movellan virus to attack the Supreme Dalek and its followers. Davros’ Kaled body tissue, however, also proved susceptible to the virus and he suffered the same symptoms.

Throughout his career, Davros blended genius with duplicity. Chemical engineering skills were used again when he applied a coating to the Kaled dome to make it brittle so that a Thal rocket would easily destroy it. Davros hoped to build on the propaganda value of such an attack to mobilise the Kaleds to join the war effort.

He also perfected a substance which protected the research bunker, making it as strong as 30ft (approximately 9m) of reinforced concrete to deflect the Thals’ artillery attacks.

In 2004, scientist discovered graphene, a multi-purpose material. It has been added to concrete used for buildings in earthquake zones. Its elasticity and tensile strength reduce damage from earth tremors and movement.

He used cunning again to trick the Doctor into entering the Hyperspace Relay to transfer his re-generation energy to Davros to extend his life by one day, so he could see a final sunset. The Doctor did not know that the Relay connected Davros to the life force of every Dalek on Skaros, and the energy was used to re-energise them. The Doctor – who never uses weapons – was helpless but Time Lady, Missy, was able to destroy the hyperspace relay with a Dalek gunstick.

The same re-generation technology was used by Donna Noble. Davros planned to deploy the Reality Bomb, which would obliterate every form of matter and turn every atom into dust, leaving the Daleks as the only lifeform and, therefore, masters of the universe.

In response, the Doctor created the Z-Neutrino Biological Inversion Catalyser, which would lock the signal transmission onto Davros instead.

Donna Noble attempted to activate the Catalyser when she was trapped in the Tardis while the Doctor, Rose Tyler, Sarah-Jane Smith and other companions were surrounded by Daleks. Just before Donna became trapped, the Doctor had been shot by a Dalek and began re-generating to heal himself and diverted the remaining energy into a matching bio-receptacle (the Doctor’s ‘spare hand’, stored in the Tardis). When Donna reached out and touched this hand, she drew on the re-generation energy and became “half-Doctor, half-Donna”.

Using her typing skills (“the best temp in Chiswick – 100 words per minute”) she operated the Magnetron to activate the internalised synchronous back feeder loop to close all Z-Neutrino loops, blocked the Dalek’s weaponry using the Sub-Wave Network, and deactivated the circuitry of the Daleks’ controls.

The Sub-Wave Network is a communications system developed by the Prime Minister, Harriet Jones, to contact the Doctor wherever he is.

The Sub-Wave Network is secure and it transmits at a lower frequency, so it cannot be detected. Its connectivity and operating speed put the advent of 5G communications in the shade, despite the progress made compared with 3G and 4G in terms of increased speed, capacity and lower response times.

The Doctor has used a Time Ring and a Teleporter to escape Davros and return to the Tardis. There is a basic protection around the Tardis in the form of the Extra Polarity Shielding, which is able to deflect Dalek attacks.

The Tardis is equipped with a Hostile Action Displacement System, which dematerialises the Tardis and rematerialises it in a safe location. Rescuing Clara Oswald from the Daleks and Davros, the Doctor activated another system, the Hostile Action Dispersal System, donning sonic sunglasses to reassemble the dematerialised Tardis pieces.

Further investment is needed in the field of teleportation, displacement and reassembling of dispersed matter.

This evil scientist’s genius and his mendacious cunning served to escalate conflicts. His ultimate weapon, the Reality Bomb, was designed to obliterate all matter, leaving the Daleks to rule the universe.

Doctor Who, a Time Lord, who never uses weapons himself, appears to be facing an unbeatable foe, but time-travelling companions and some lucky breaks put an end to Davros’ masterplan – for now.